Part 6: Documentation + Video  [PHP Functions, with Arguments, with more than one argument, Functions having Return values, Global Functions]

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“Documentation”

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 7

Topic Covered: PHP Functions, with Arguments, with more than one argument, Functions having Return values, Global Functions

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Today covered in this tutorial PHP Functions, with Arguments, with more than one argument, Functions having Return alues, Global Functions

PHP Functions:

The powerful feature of any programming language is the ability to define and use functions.PHP function is a bit of code that we can reuse quickly and easily in PHP pages when we need it.

For creating functions:

1. All functions start with the word “function()” .

2. The name can start with a letter or underscore (not a number).

3. Unlike string names the function names are case in sensitive.

4. Function code starts after Curl brackets “{” and end by closing a Curl brackets”}”.

5. The name of the function can be anything you want as similar to strings name can contain letters, numbers, underscores and dashes, but it cannot contain any spaces.

<?php
function hello()                    // Function declaration
{
echo “Hello Mr.Saini”;
}
// no output when we only declare the function, output is there only when we call it. let check
// the title is changed but no output mean code will not execute:)
hello();     //Function calling
?>

Now come to PHP Functions with Arguments:

For more flexibility and more functionality to functions we add arguments or parameters, these are like variables, and we can define more than one functions. But two function names must be different if same then it will error like:

“Fatal error: cannot redeclare.”

<?php

function hello($name)                    // Function declaration

{

echo “Hello $name”;

}

// no output when we only declare the function, output is there only when we call it.

hello (“Mr.Saini”) ;     //Function calling

echo “<br />”;

// you can use  variable or text in place of arguments thats why its flexible

// we can also use vairables in the arguments and more than one calls to same function.

hello(“Everyone”);     //Function calling 2nd time

echo “<br />”;

$user = “Manan Saini”;

hello(“$user”);      // use variable ; you see the flexibity with arguments

?>

You can see functions with argument has more flexible than static one, and function must be defined before calling it otherwise it will show error “fatal error: Undefined function” like that.

PHP Functions with more than one argument:

<?php

function hello($wishes, $name, $punct) // Function declaration

{

echo $wishes . $name . $punct . “<br />”;

}

$user = “Manan Saini”;  // variable declared

hello(“Gud Luck”,$user,”!”);       // function calling

/*

The no. of arguments must be same as no. of declared arguments.

Check what happens when we declare less argument. Delete any one of the above argument.

You see error missing arguments.

*/

?>

PHP Functions – Return values:

Functions can also be used to return values.

<?php

function addition($var1,$var2)

{

$sum = $var1 + $var2;

return $sum;

}

$total =addition(4,5); // declare variable we can use again & again in the code.

echo $total;

/* return can only return one value for returning more than one function we can use arrays. Take a look the below code.

*/

function add_sub($var1,$var2)

{

$add = $var1 + $var2;

$sub = $var1 – $var2;

$result = array($add,$sub);

return $result;

}

$total =add_sub(4,5);

echo “<br />” . “Addition is” . $total[0]. “<br />”;

echo “Subtraction is” . $total[1]. “<br />”;

?>

PHP Functions – Global :

<?php

$var = “Global”;

function glo() {

$var = “Local”;

}

glo();

echo $var ;

// just predict the output. What we do if we want to show locally let’s check.

?><br /><br />

<?php

$var = “Global”;

function glo1() {

global $var;                         // now it will show local

$var = “Local”;

}

glo1(); // because function name must be different so

echo $var ;

// another method to declare locally is:

?><br /><br />

<?php

$var1 = “Global”;

function glo2($var)

{

$var = “Local”;

return $var;

}

$var1 = glo2($var1);

echo $var1;

?>

 

Thanks for reading this documentation.                                                           Continue in Next Edition ….

Thanks,

Tutorials By: Manan Saini Join us: www.lmtutorials.com

www.logicmatters.org

Thanks,

LM Team!

Part 6: Documentation + Video  [while,dowhile,for,foreach,loops and array]

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“Documentation“

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 6

Topic Covered: while, dowhile, for, foreach loops and array pointers

___________________________________________________________________

Today covered in this tutorial while, dowhile, for, foreach loops and array pointers

Loops

If some action happens over and over again then we need Loops. Loops allow us to execute a bit of code until the condition is satisfied. There are 4 main kinds of loops:

• while loops
• do-while loops
• for loops
• foreach loops

1. while Loop:

The while statement will execute a code as long as a condition is true. Take look at syntax:

<?php

$count=1;

while($count<=10)

{

echo “Count is ” . $count . “<br />”;

$count++;  // ++ is used to increment

}

/*

The loop will run continue until the condition is true , i.e. the value of count is less than equal to 10. The loop will increment after every execution mean after each time loop runs.

*/

?>

2. dowhile Loop

The dowhile loop will execute a code at least once – then it will repeat the loop as long as a condition is true. Check the syntax above.

First loop will execute and then condition is checked.

The main difference between while and do while loop is in while first condition is check then program executed,             but in case of do while first program will execute then it will check the condition. Means do while loop will always run at least once.

<?php

$count=0;

do

{

$count++;

echo “Count is ” . $count . “<br />”;

}

while ($count<=10);

/*

The loop will run continue untill the condition is true , i.e. the value of count is less than equal to 10. The loop will increment after every execution mean after each time loop runs. It will run atleast once always.The condition is checked after the execution of loop.

It shows output till 11 because condition is checked after the execution of loop.

*/

?>

3. for Loop

for loop is used when you know how many times you want to execute a loop.

The difference between while and for loop is that, while loop is used where we don’t know how many time loop execute and for loop is used where we know how many times we want to execute a loop.

Let’s take a look at syntax:

<?php

for ($count=0; $count<=10; $count++)

{

echo $count . “<br />”;

}

?>

4. foreach Loop

The foreach statement is only work with arrays, for looping in the array. Take a look at syntax above.

For every loop, the value of the $array is assigned to $value- so on the next loop and continue.

<?php

$numbers =array(5,10,15,20,25,30); // declaration of array

foreach($numbers as $num) {   //numbers is the temp variable

echo $num . ” <br /> “;

}

?>

Next is Array Pointers:

Pointers point to the current value of an array by default it’s always the first value. When we start looping through array the computer moves the pointer along the array to get each value.

More clear with program:

<?php

$count =array(5,10,15,20,25);

// current function will gives the current value of array on which it points.

echo “First: ” . current($count) . “<br />” ;

// next function will move the pointer to next value.

next($count);

echo “Second” . current($count) . “<br />” ;

// reset function reset its default location i.e. first vaule.

reset($count);

echo “Third: ” . current($count) . “<br />” ;

?>

Thanks for reading this documentation.        

Thanks,

LM Team!

Part 5: Documentation + Video  [if, if-else, elseif and switch statements]

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“DOCUMENTATION“

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 5

Topic Covered: if, if-else, elseif and switch statements

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Today we will discuss if, if-else, elseif and switch statements

1. If Statement:

If you want to execute some code if the condition is true, then use the if statement.  Let’s take a look at syntax:

The code will execute only if the condition is true, In this case the condition will not satisfied so the code will not execute.

<?php

$a=2;

$b=3;

if ($a > $b) {

echo “a is greater than b”;

}

?>

You can check in this case there is no output. So just swap the values. And you will find it will show you “a is greater than b”.You can Try Using the other Boolean expressions also i.e. Logical and comparison operators

1. If – else statements :

If you want to execute some code if one condition is true, and in another code if first condition is false, use the if – else statement.

Take a look above at syntax:

<?php

$a=3;

$b=2;

if ($a > $b){

echo “a is greater than b”;

}

else {

echo “b is greater than a”;

}

?>

3. ElseIf Statement:

We have another option if you want to execute some code in which more than one or several conditions are true then use the elseif statement.lets check the syntax of elseif:

4. Switch Statement:

If you want to execute one statement from number of statements, then use the Switch statement. This is more efficient method than previous one. Take a look at syntax:

If the expression has value equal to value 1 then it will execute the statement inside it and break is used to terminate and go. If the expression has not equal to any value then it will execute default loop. In default its optional break.

Take a look at program:

<?php

$a = 2;

switch ($a)

{

case 0:

echo “a has value = 0″;

break;

case 1:

echo “a has value = 1″;

break;

case 2:

echo “a has value = 2″;

break;

default:

echo “a is not equal to 0,1,2″;

break;      // optional using break at the last

}

?>

Hope you enjoying the tutorial.

Thanks for reading this documentation.       

Thanks,

LM Team!

Part 4: Documentation + Video Avi Format [Arrays, Arrays Functions,Type Casting]

Download Link :

Part 4  download

Size: 1.65 MB After  Extract  420 MB

“Documentation“

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 4

Topic Covered: Arrays, and its Function and Type Casting

Well I think you read my first tutorial PHP part 1, 2, 3 if not then kindly download from here:

Download Older One’s

• Go to PHP folder and download PHP Part 1, 2 and 3

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Today we will discuss arrays, and its function and Type casting.

So let’s see the simple definition of array.

Types of Array:

Arrays are of three types:

1. Numeric array
2. Associative array
3. Multi-dimension array

Let’s start with first i.e. Numeric.

<?php

$array1 = array( 0,1,2,3,4,5);         // check the syntax ..

echo $array1[1];                               // lets see which value it will display

?>

You see it will display 2nd value it mean array start from 0. These 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 all call pockets or ID key.

Now come to 2nd type i.e. Associative Array. In this case each pocket i.e. id key have some particular value. Before going to 2nd type let me show how to display string in type 1.

<?php

$array2 = array( 2, “manan”, 3 ,”OUG”);                 // u see ” ” double quotes for string.

echo $array2[1];                                                               //let’s suppose I want to display string manan

?>

You see for displaying string. Now come to 2nd type Associative.

<?php

$array3 = array( “manan” =>14 , “oug” => 13, “count”=> 10000 ); /*see string in quotes and numeric as it . Concentrate on the i.e. equal to sign and greater than sign syntax of this type

*/

echo “<br/>”;

echo $array3["oug"];

?>

See the output, it will display the value of oug i.e is associative.

Now come to 3^rd type i.e. multi dimension Array. Multi dimension array mean array contain 1 or more array. In this each element in the main array can also be array i.e. array inside array. Let’s c in the program it will be more clear.

<?php

$array4 = array(

// look care full it’s complicated. Now we make array inside arary

“websites”=> array(

“orkut”,

“google”,

“logicmatters” ),

// create one more

“OUG” => array(

“owner”,

“moderators”,

“members”

)

// now how to display on screen its output

);

echo $array4['websites'][1];

?>

Now come to “Type Casting “

Well type Casting mean convert one data type into another. Now we see how we find which variable comes under which data type whether is integer or string etc.

Program is self explanatory. Let me tell you about this. Let’s suppose if we have one variable contains integers and string and we try to add in that variable which only contains integers then only integer values of first variable will add in to 2^nd variable.

Let’s take a look at program var1 has integer + string and var2 having var1+ integer value. So output remains integer only because we add integer in var1.

<?php

$var1= “3 Nothing is impossible”; // 3 variable

$var2= $var1+27;

echo $var2; // answer always in terms of var2 i.e. Variable adds not string. check output

// See the o/p 27+3 =30

echo gettype($var1) .”<br/>”;                   // command for view which type of variable

echo ge                ttype($var2) .”<br/>”;                   // command for view which type of variable

settype ($var2,”string”) ;                              // command for change the type of variable

echo gettype($var2) .”<br/>”;                   // command for view which type of variable

// See the difference now type changed

$var3 =(int) $var1;                                            // another method to change the type of variable

echo gettype($var3) .”<br/>”;                   // command for view which type of variable

//Now again change it to integer type.

?>

Hope you enjoying the tutorial.

Thanks for reading this documentation.                                                           Continue in Next Edition ….

Thanks,

LM Team!

PHP Video Tutorial Part 3

Part 3: Documentation + Video Avi Format [Concatenation,String Functions,PHP Operators]

Watch PHP tutorial Part 3.1:

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Watch PHP tutorial Part 3.2:

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“Documentation“

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 3

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

So Let’s Start the Tutorial Part 3:

So today we start CONCATENATION operators:

The concatenation operator is used to combine the two strings values together.We use(.) i.e. as a concatenation operator. You are more clear about this when we write program

<?php

$cat1=” 1st string concatenate”; // this is our 1st string

$cat2=” with 2nd string”; // here 2nd one we concatenate these two in next inst.

echo $cat1 . ” ” . $cat2;

?>

Another method to combine is:

<?php

echo “$cat1  here it goes </br>”; // another method

echo”{$cat1} here it goes </br>”; // prefer this one

echo’{$cat1} here it goes </br>’; // never put single comma

?>

If you want to use 2nd one then prefer the curly brackets it easy to identify if we want to check our coding later on!So all these are working one you can use any of them.

If you put single comma then this will not work. You see it will display text as such so use only double commas. Check the last instruction in the upper program.

Our next topic String Functions:

How to find the length of string? strlen() function is used to find the length of string. let’s suppose I want to find the length of string “I m a big noob”

<?php

echo strlen(“i m a big noob”);

?>

It starts count from 1 not from 0. This concept is important when we want to terminate the loop after the last character .There are some other functions also like to find the position of string. For this we use strpos() to search for a string or character in a string.

<?php

echo strpos(“i m a big noob”, “noob”); // this will find the position of string of noob in the given string

?>

You see the position of “noob” is 11 not 10 this means our function strpos() starts form 0 i.e. why answer is 10 not 11.

There are so many such functions let me show in breif:)

Lowercase:                                        strtolower()

Upercase:                                          strtoupper()

Upper case first letter:                  ucfirst()

Upper case words:                          ucwords()

Trim:                                                      trim()

Find:                                                      strstr()

Replace by string:                            str_replace()

Repeat:                                                 str_repeat()

Make substring:                                substr()

Find char:                                            strchr()

So these are some common function. Search on net for these.

Now lets take a look on PHP operators :

I just show overview it’s easy to use All these operators are having examples and description and result too. So its easy to understand.

Hope you enjoying the tutorial.

Thanks for reading this documentation.   

Thanks,

LM Team!

I ‘m starting the PHP video tutorial sequels , hope it will continue …

So dowload my PHP Video tutorial Part 1 and Part 2

Part 1: Documentation [Introduction,History,Features,Installation]

Part 2: Video Avi Format[ PHP Basic Syntax,Comments,Variables,Strings]

Watch PHP Tutorial Part 2.1:

Click here to view the embedded video.

Watch PHP Tutorial Part 2.2:

Click here to view the embedded video.

“Documentation“

Hello Friends,

Welcome To PHP Tutorial Part 2

______________________________________________________________________________

So Let’s Start the Tutorial Part 2:

Go to Xampp Control Panel and start the “Apache” and “My Sql”

Now check whether the PHP is installed correctly or not for this Go to any web browser and type “localhost” without quotes.

If there is message like this :

“Congratulation: You have successfully Installed Xampp on this system!”

It means PHP installed correctly.

Now come to the PHP syntax part, here is some different syntax:

a) <?php

?>

b) <?

?>

c) <%php

%>

d) <%

%>

e)<?=

?>

f) <%=

%>

These are all working good, but i recommend you choose a) option its efficient and good one for browsers because all browser support, like c),d),f) all tags are working on asp server like Microsoft , sometime it will not work on other servers so use standard one i.e. a)

Let’s start our first program. The program that I am going to explain is simply giving information about PHP installed on our local server.

Remember always save program with .php extension and run with .php extension also.

If you have xampp installed, then you must save program in htdocs directory to work good otherwise it will show error.

By Default path is “C:\xampp\htdocs”

You can make any folder inside htdocs where you save all you program then you path of saving and accessing program is “C:\xampp\htdocs\your_folder_name”

So our first program is:

<?php

phpinfo();  // make sure semicolon at the last of php instruction.

?>

Now save this program at correct path and run the program, let’s suppose I will save in sandbox folder and name of saved program is “my_phpinfo.php” So the address of saved program is : “c:\xampp\htdocs\sandbox\my_phpinfo.php”

Now check the output it will give info all about PHP installed on your local server.

</html>

<head>

<title>Display Data</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo “Hello Guys!”;

?>

</body>

<html>

Now come to the second program if we want to display data on browser, you can embed PHP anywhere in html. And in PHP for display data we use “echo” command.

Here is Program:

<html>

<head>

<title>Display Data</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo “Hello Guys!”;

?>

</body>

Save this program at correct path and run! You output “Hello Guys!” in the browser without quotes.

Hope now you understand how to display the data on browser with simple PHP command.

Now come to Comments Part

There are two types of comments in PHP

a) Single Line comment

b) Multi Line Comment

a) For single line comment the syntax is  “//”

e.g.:

<?php

echo “Hello Guys!”;  // This is single line comment

?>

b) For multi lien comment the syntax is “/*     */”

e.g.:

Variables

There are some simple rules for variable declaration in PHP

• Variable always start with $ sign
• Variable must be followed by letter or underscore
• Variable can contain letters, numbers, dashes, underscores
• There is no space between the variable, use underscore between two words is good practice.
• Variable name is case sensitive

Let’s come to the Program:

<html>

<head>

<title>Variables</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$var=5; //declare variable start with $ sign

echo $var; // there is no need to put commas around the $var i.e. variable name

?>

</body>

</html>

Save this program and check the output it will simply display “5″

If we want to display a string then simple use this:

<?php

$var=5; //declare variable start with $ sign

echo $var; // there is no need to put commas around the $var i.e. variable name

$var2=”This is variable”;

echo $var2;

?>

Check the output

For displaying in different lines use <br/> tag inside echo

<?php

$var=5; //declare variable start with $ sign

echo $var; // there is no need to put commas around the $var i.e. variable name

echo “<br/>”;

$var2=”This is variable”;

echo $var2;

?>

Now output will be in separate lines.

Hope you understand well! I will make this as simple as possible. So everyone can understand.

Thanks for reading this documentation. 

Thanks,

LM Team

Part one is not a video tutorial so only documentation rest all other has video tutorials.

Well all of you know about web languages, there are so many languages now days. For a good website design you must have a good knowledge of any language. And me going to deliver here PHP tutorials. If you have any problem in the tutorials and in PHP then you most welcome any time either in OUG or on my site. Before going through PHP you must have a little knowledge of HTML. Don’t Worry Even if you don’t know HTML, it’s very easy and simple language. Even if you googling for HTML then easily you learn and more over me also give you some basic intro about HTML during these tutorials. Let’s start some constructive work!

• First Question came in our mind what is PHP!histiory

Well, PHP is a server side scripting language similar to ASP originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. Because PHP is going to run on the server not on users browser like JavaScript. Client is going to be the user’s browsers. PHP can be embedded in HTML or use with HTML. PHP code is be input and web pages is the output. And we must save PHP files with .php extension like in case of HTML we use .html or .htm, PHP is open source software and free to download and use.

PHP HISTORY

1. Version 1:1994 PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf and it is a set of CGI Binaries in the C Programming Language.
2. Version 2: 1995 It is the improved version of 1 by the same person and this is the first public release PHP. PHP at this point stands for “Personal Home Page Tools”.
3. Version 3: 1998 In this version two more developer involved “Andi Gutmans” and “Zeev Suraski”. And write the major part of PHP between 1997-1998. And they also Renamed it and new name is PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor . See the PHP word is itself there in these three words, the first word be the Acronym is the Acronym itself. This is called Recursive Acronym. This version is till support by web browsers but not improved or actively maintained.
4. Version 4: 2000 Now Suraski and Gutmans formed new company called ZEND. And Zend rewrites the code PHP. And with 4 features and big update and they release in May 2000.This version is also supported by web browsers and updates like security and bug fixes. And Version 4.4.6 released on March1, 2007.
5. Version 5: 2004 Now improved version of PHP came in July 2004 having lot of features like Object Oriented Programming (OOP) and better Database connectivity. And its stable version is Version 5.2.1 is released on February 8, 2007. Now day’s latest version is 5.3.0. This is also actively supported by browsers and updates.

And Version 6.0 is on the way for release when this article was written. Still not released this version.

Me going to teach you every tutorial on PHP version 5.2.5 or more and its equally work on others too, And I think now you some better understanding of PHP versions.

Features Of PHP

Just take a look now what are the features of PHP and why we use PHP:

• PHP is any open source. Open source mean source code is available for everyone to study to use and to modify.
• PHP is free software mean free to download and use.
• PHP is a cross platform to develop. Cross platform mean we can run PHP on different platform (Windows, Linux, Mac, UNIX, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.).
• PHP is also Powerful, Robust, scalable.
• PHP is a Web Development Specific. Its mean it’s written from the beginning with web development mind. Version 1 was written for help to maintain their personal website.
• PHP is an Object Oriented Programming, Commonly known as OOP especially Version 5.
• Having great Documentation in many different languages.(www.php.net/docs.php)
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.
• Large active developer community, Run more than 20 million websites on PHP and its 4th most popular programming language behind JAVA , C and C++.
• So many great examples of PHP application like WordPress, Joomla, Mambo, PHPbb, and Mediawiki and all these are free to downalod for maintain your websites, blogs, boards, forums.

Installation

For installing PHP completely you need few things:

1. Web server (Apache 1.3)
2. PHP (Version 5.2.5)
3. Database (My SQL 5.0)
4. Text Editor (Notepad or any other like TextMate)
5. Web Browser (Firefox)

Either You Can Install all these software’s separately or uses single Software for installing all these. Download all these software’s separately from here and these are totally free:

Download PHP:

http://www.php.net/downloads.php

Download My SQL Database:

http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html

Download Apache Server:

http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

Here I ‘m not going to teach how to install, for instruction takes a look here:

http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.php

And IF you want to use a single software for all these then you use :

• Lamp (for Linux)
• Mamp (for MAC)
• Wamp (For Windows)
• XAMPP (For Windows)

Either Google it for installing these software’s or use this I found some links:

Lamp:

http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/LAMP/download

or

http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=16216

Mamp: http://www.mamp.info/en/download.html

Wamp: http://www.wampserver.com/en/download.php

Xampp: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html

To be Continue in Next Edition ….

Thanks,

Tutorials By: Manan Saini

Join us: www.logicmatters.org